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    Home»Blog»🧬 Exercise as a Treatment Strategy in Colon Cancer: Insights from the CHALLENGE Trial
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    🧬 Exercise as a Treatment Strategy in Colon Cancer: Insights from the CHALLENGE Trial

    Dr. Artur ReisBy Dr. Artur Reis07/05/2025Updated:07/05/2025No Comments7 Mins Read
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    📍 P.life Papers | July 2025

    Exercise after chemotherapy for colon cancer
    🎙️ Based on the podcast episode “Exercise as Treatment”
    📚 Source: Courneya et al., NEJM 2025 – DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2502760


    Introduction

    Exercise after chemotherapy for colon cancer.

    Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Despite advances in surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, many patients still face a high risk of recurrence — especially those with stage III or high-risk stage II colon cancer.

    But what if a simple, low-cost, and widely accessible tool could significantly improve survival outcomes?

    That’s exactly what the CHALLENGE Trial, a phase 3 randomized study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, set out to investigate. The results are compelling.


    🎯 Study Objective

    The CHALLENGE Trial aimed to determine whether a structured, three-year exercise program, initiated shortly after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy, could improve disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with resected colon cancer.


    🧪 Study Design

    • Population: 889 patients with stage III or high-risk stage II colon adenocarcinoma.
    • Randomization: 1:1 to structured exercise vs. health education only.
    • Intervention:
      • Exercise Group: Behavioral support + goal of ≥10 MET-hours/week.
      • Control Group: General health education materials only.
    • Follow-up: Median of 7.9 years.
    • Primary Endpoint: Disease-free survival (DFS).
    • Secondary Endpoints: Overall survival (OS), physical function (self-reported and objective), cardiorespiratory fitness.

    📈 Key Results

    Exercise after chemotherapy for colon cancer

    ✅ Disease-Free Survival (DFS)

    • Hazard Ratio: 0.72 (95% CI: 0.55–0.94; p = 0.02)
    • 5-Year DFS:
      • Exercise Group: 80.3%
      • Control Group: 73.9%
      • 📊 Absolute difference: +6.4 percentage points

    DFS

    Survival curves began to separate after 1 year and continued to diverge over the long term.


    ✅ Overall Survival (OS)

    • Hazard Ratio: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.43–0.94)
    • 8-Year OS:
      • Exercise Group: 90.3%
      • Control Group: 83.2%
      • 📊 Absolute difference: +7.1 percentage points

    Overall Survival

    This represents a magnitude of benefit comparable to many standard approved cancer therapies — from a non-pharmacologic intervention.


    🧬 Proposed Mechanisms

    Exercise may impact cancer outcomes through multiple biological pathways:

    • 🔬 Reduced systemic inflammation
    • 🧠 Improved immune surveillance
    • 💉 Modulation of insulin and IGF-1
    • 🧫 Suppression of micrometastases
    • 🧘‍♂️ Enhanced mitochondrial and metabolic function

    💡 Impact on Recurrence and New Primary Cancers

    The DFS improvement was largely driven by:

    • 🔻 Lower liver recurrence: 3.6% vs. 6.5%
    • 🔻 Fewer new primary cancers: 5.2% vs. 9.7%
      • Breast cancer: 0.4% vs. 2.7%
      • Prostate cancer: 1.1% vs. 2.0%
      • Colorectal cancer: 0% vs. 1.1%

    💬 Quality of Life and Functional Gains

    The exercise group also reported:

    • 📈 Sustained improvements in SF-36 physical functioning
    • 🚶‍♀️ Greater gains in 6-minute walk test and VO₂ max

    In other words: not only longer life, but better life.


    ⚠️ Safety Profile

    • Musculoskeletal adverse events: 18.5% (exercise) vs. 11.5% (control)
    • Grade ≥3 AEs: 15.4% (exercise) vs. 9.1% (control)

    💡 These events were expected and manageable with personalized exercise prescriptions.


    🔎 Limitations

    • 15-year recruitment period
    • Fewer-than-expected events (224/380), requiring recalibration of statistical power
    • Possible selection bias: healthier patients more likely to enroll
    • Greater social interaction in the exercise group may have influenced outcomes

    🚀 Conclusions

    The CHALLENGE Trial provides Level 1 evidence that a structured exercise intervention:

    ✅ Improves disease-free survival
    ✅ Reduces mortality
    ✅ Enhances functional recovery and well-being

    “If exercise were a pill, it would be prescribed in every guideline.”


    🩺 Clinical Implications

    Integrating exercise into colon cancer care demands:

    • Individualized prescription and follow-up
    • Behavioral support programs
    • Engagement from the multidisciplinary oncology team

    📬 Stay Informed. Stay Ahead.
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    🎧 Listen to the Podcast Episode

    Want to dive deeper into this topic?

    🎙️ Listen to the full PeritoneoCast episode on Spotify


    🧠 This episode was 100% generated using LLM notebook technology and reviewed by the scientific board of Peritoneo.life to ensure clinical accuracy and scientific integrity.

    ✍️ Dr. Artur Reis
    Surgeon | Founder of Peritoneo.life


    Portuguese Version

    🧬 Exercício e Sobrevivência no Câncer de Cólon: O Ensaio CHALLENGE e Suas Implicações na Prática Oncológica

    📍 P.life Papers | Julho 2025
    🎙️ Baseado no podcast “Exercício como Tratamento”
    📚 Fonte: NEJM, Courneya et al., 2025 – DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2502760


    Introdução

    O câncer colorretal é um dos maiores desafios da oncologia moderna, ocupando o 3º lugar em incidência global e o 2º em mortalidade. Apesar dos avanços no tratamento cirúrgico e quimioterápico, muitos pacientes ainda enfrentam risco significativo de recorrência — especialmente após o tratamento de tumores de cólon em estágio III ou II de alto risco.

    Mas e se uma ferramenta simples, acessível e de baixo custo pudesse melhorar significativamente os desfechos desses pacientes?
    Foi exatamente isso que o ensaio clínico CHALLENGE investigou — e os resultados surpreendem.


    🎯 Objetivo do Estudo

    O CHALLENGE Trial foi um estudo randomizado de fase 3 que avaliou se um programa estruturado de exercício físico por 3 anos, iniciado logo após a quimioterapia adjuvante, poderia melhorar a sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) em pacientes com câncer de cólon ressecado.


    🧪 Metodologia

    • População: 889 pacientes com câncer de cólon (estágio III ou II de alto risco), randomizados 1:1 após completarem a quimioterapia.
    • Grupos:
      • Grupo Exercício: Suporte comportamental + metas de ≥10 MET-horas/semana.
      • Grupo Controle: Apenas materiais de educação em saúde.
    • Período de Intervenção: 3 anos.
    • Tempo de Seguimento: Mediana de 7,9 anos.
    • Desfecho primário: Sobrevida livre de doença (SLD).
    • Desfecho secundário: Sobrevida global (SG), função física (objetiva e autorreferida).

    📈 Principais Resultados

    ✅ Sobrevida Livre de Doença (SLD)

    • HR: 0,72 (IC 95%: 0,55–0,94; p = 0,02)
    • 5 anos:
      • Grupo Exercício: 80,3%
      • Grupo Controle: 73,9%
      • 📊 Diferença: +6,4 p.p.

    As curvas de SLD começaram a se separar após 1 ano — com manutenção do benefício por 10 anos.


    ✅ Sobrevida Global (SG)

    • HR: 0,63 (IC 95%: 0,43–0,94)
    • 8 anos:
      • Grupo Exercício: 90,3%
      • Grupo Controle: 83,2%
      • 📊 Diferença: +7,1 p.p.

    O impacto em SG foi comparável ao de muitas terapias aprovadas hoje — e com uma intervenção não farmacológica.


    🧬 Mecanismos Propostos

    O benefício clínico pode estar relacionado a múltiplos mecanismos biológicos:

    • 💢 Redução da inflamação sistêmica
    • 🧫 Melhora da vigilância imune
    • 💉 Modulação de fatores de crescimento como insulina e IGF-1
    • 🧪 Efeito antiproliferativo em micrometástases hepáticas
    • 🧘‍♂️ Aumento da aptidão física e função mitocondrial

    🧠 Impacto Clínico: Recorrência e Novos Tumores

    A diferença em SLD foi atribuída principalmente a:

    • 🔻 Redução da recorrência hepática: 3,6% vs. 6,5%
    • 🔻 Redução de novos cânceres primários: 5,2% vs. 9,7%
      • Câncer de mama: 0,4% vs. 2,7%
      • Próstata: 1,1% vs. 2,0%
      • Colorretal: 0% vs. 1,1%

    💬 Função Física e Qualidade de Vida

    Pacientes do grupo exercício apresentaram:

    • 📈 Melhora sustentada na subescala de função física do SF-36
    • 📏 Aumento na distância de caminhada (6MWT) e VO2 previsto

    Ou seja, não só sobreviveram mais — como viveram melhor.


    ⚠️ Eventos Adversos

    • Efeitos musculoesqueléticos: 18,5% (grupo exercício) vs. 11,5% (controle)
    • Eventos grau ≥3: 15,4% vs. 9,1%

    💡 Nenhum sinal de segurança inesperado. O risco foi considerado manejável e proporcional ao benefício.


    🔎 Limitações

    • Recrutamento lento ao longo de 15 anos
    • Número de eventos abaixo do planejado (224/380)
    • Possível viés de seleção (pacientes mais saudáveis)
    • Maior contato social no grupo exercício pode ter influenciado resultados

    🚀 Conclusões e Aplicações

    O CHALLENGE Trial fornece evidência de nível 1 de que um programa estruturado de exercício físico iniciado precocemente:

    ✅ Melhora a sobrevida livre de doença
    ✅ Prolonga a sobrevida global
    ✅ Melhora a função física e o bem-estar geral

    “Se exercício fosse um comprimido, seria prescrito em todas as diretrizes.”


    📌 Implicações para o Futuro

    📣 A incorporação do exercício como ferramenta terapêutica deve ser considerada parte integrante do tratamento oncológico adjuvante, exigindo:

    • Estrutura de prescrição personalizada
    • Programas de suporte comportamental
    • Educação multiprofissional e envolvimento do oncologista

    📚 Referência Principal

    Courneya, K.S. et al. Structured Exercise after Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2025. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2502760


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    adjuvant chemotherapy cancer recurrence prevention cancer rehabilitation cancer survivorship CHALLENGE trial clinical trials colon cancer colorectal cancer evidence-based medicine exercise and cancer lifestyle medicine NEJM oncology podcast P.life Papers peritoneal oncology Peritoneo.life PeritoneoCast structured exercise
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    Dr. Artur Reis
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    Dr. Artur Reis– Specialist in Peritoneal Surface Oncology, certified by the European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO). With expertise in Cytoreductive Surgery with HIPEC and PIPAC, Dr. Reis is committed to advancing surgical oncology through research, education, and innovation. As the curator of P.life Papers, he bridges the gap between clinical practice and scientific knowledge, ensuring that oncology professionals have access to cutting-edge research and best practices. He is the Director of the Specialized Center for Peritoneal Surface Oncology at Santa Casa de São José dos Campos and the Director of the Peritoneal Oncology Center at Hospital Rede D'Or Vivalle. Registered medical doctor with the Brazilian Medical Council (CRM-SP: 124.285/ RQE:41.487).

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    Explore the latest advancements in Peritoneal Surface Malignancies (PSM). This curated collection of research papers offers valuable insights, clinical findings, and surgical techniques. Stay informed about cutting-edge developments in PSM treatment and management, designed for PSM experts and physicians with a keen interest in this specialized field.

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    Latest Articles

    🧬 Exercise as a Treatment Strategy in Colon Cancer: Insights from the CHALLENGE Trial

    07/05/2025

    Understanding the GNAS Mutation in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: Molecular Insights, Mucin Regulation, and Therapeutic Implications

    04/18/2025

    🔬 Immunotherapy in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP): Can We Overcome the Mucin Barrier?

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